Interoperability for Cyber-Physical Systems: An overview of challenges and research gaps

Abstract

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) can be characterized as the complex integration of computing, communication, and physical processes. CPS have extensive applications in various domains, including industrial automation, vehicular technologies, and smart cities, to name a few. In practical applications, the challenges of interoperability can range from physical-level data fusion to the technical risks faced at the application level. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive and systematic review of research on interoperability and data integration in the context of CPS. Furthermore, we highlight the main challenges in a summary table and uncover certain unresolved issues. This work aims to provide promising future directions in relation to CPS interoperability, to guide researchers in their upcoming endeavors.